​​
 

新冠相关英文词汇和表达

 

to remain vigilant（保持警惕）,

to stay socially distanced（保持社交距离）,

to mask up（戴上口罩）,

get vaccinated when it’s your turn（轮到你的时候尽快打疫苗）。

• pandemic（大流行病）
• lockdown（封锁）
• quarantine（隔离）
• booster shot (加强针)

1) 新冠的命名

coronavirus。Covid-19指因感染新冠而得的疾病---“coronavirus disease 2019”。

病毒发生变异/突变是mutation，如genetic mutations（基因突变），突变后会产生各种病毒的变体即variant。如Anew coronavirus variant with potentially worrying mutations has been found in UK (英国已经发现了一种新的新冠病毒变体，这种变体发生了具有潜在危险的变异)。

2) 新冠的传播

· 有传染性的，即contagious/infectious。比如Covid-19 is most contagious in the first five days after symptoms onset（症状显现）. 新冠在症状出现后的前五天传染性最强。

· 病毒传播是transmit（名词是transmission），比如Covid-19 can be transmitted from human to human. 也可以直接用spread，比如How does Covid-19 spread? 传播者就是spreader，超级传播者是super-spreader，无症状传播者就是symptomless spreader。

· 新冠主要是通过飞沫（droplets）进行传播的。比如Current evidence suggests that the main way the virus spreads is by respiratory droplets among people who are in close contact with each other.当前的证据表明新冠传播的主要方式是当人与人近距离接触时通过呼吸道飞沫进行传播。

· 病毒的潜伏期是incubation period, incubation本身是孵化的意思，比如The incubation period of COVID-19, which is the time between exposure to the virus and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days, but can be as long as 14 days.

3) 新冠的症状

新冠病毒感染后一般会经历一段时间的潜伏期（incubation period），而后陆续有相关的症状（symptoms）出现。常见的是发烧（fever/a high temperature）、发冷（chill）、持续干咳（dry and continuous cough）、气短（shortness of breath）、呼吸困难（breathing difficulty）、味觉或嗅觉的改变或消失（a loss or change to your sense of smell or taste）、嗓子疼（sore throat）、肌肉或身体疼痛（muscle or body aches）。严重了最终会引发呼吸道感染（respiratory infection）甚至是肺炎（pneumonia）。

4) 新冠疫情

Endemic, Epidemic, pandemic三个词都可以用来表示疫情，差别在于疫情的严重程度。新冠刚刚在武汉爆发时，属于epidemic（地区性大流行）；新冠传播到全球后就被WHO正式定性为pandemic（全球大流行）。Endemic指的是某个地区常态化的流行病，比如malaria（疟疾）在非洲某些地区常年流行，这就属于endemic。Endemic跟epidemic的差别在于，后者是突然爆发并大规模流行，前者是常态化存在的。

疫情的爆发是outbreak，目前国内局部地区的这种小型疫情可以叫small, localized outbreak(小规模、地区性的爆发)，疫情加强可以用strengthening，控制疫情用contain，contain the spread, contain the outbreak，更积极的就是combat thevirus（跟病毒作战）。

新冠确诊病例就直接用case，死亡病例用death，如On Saturday, 10,406 new cases and 445 deaths were reported across the UK.

5) 防疫举措

新冠预防在个人层面比如保持hand and respiratory hygiene（手和呼吸道卫生），戴口罩（face mask/surgical mask），使用消毒剂（disinfectants），避免人群聚集（avoid the crowds），保持社交距离(social distancing)等等。

国家管理层面的举措包括：

· 封锁/控制

• the lockdown of the city/ the city is in lockdown封城
• a city in quarantine隔离
• seal off the city封死
• shut down the city 关闭
• the closure of the city 关闭
• impose strict travel restrictions管控
• public transportation suspended 暂停
• travel ban 禁止

· 隔离：isolation, quarantine。这两个词虽然严谨说是有差异的，isolation指把患有传播疾病的人隔离起来，quarantine隔离的是那些只是接触过确诊者但还未患病的人。但实际使用中，两个词基本上是通用的（used interchangeably）。自我居家隔离就是self-isolation或self-quarantine。

· 居家办公：work from home。

· 在线学习：online study/digital learning。

· 直播教学：live stream teaching。

6) 新冠检测

核算检测是nucleic acid test，检测的结果是阳性（positive）或阴性（negative），如You must provide a negative ‘nucleic acid’ test for COVID 19 to travel (你需要提供阴性的新冠核酸检测结果才能旅行)。除了在专业说明文件里，平时的话直接说Covid-19/coronavirus test就可以了。核酸检测使用棉签在鼻子和嗓子眼里取样可以说： The test involves taking a swab of the throat and nose。或者直接说a throat/nose swab（鼻/咽拭子）。Swab就是医用棉签，做动词时就是用棉签擦拭。最近国内新增了肛拭子就是anal swab。

7) 新冠疫苗

· 新冠疫苗即Covid-19 vaccine或者coronavirus vaccine。疫苗接种是vaccination(n.)，比如vaccination centre（疫苗接种中心），vaccination programme（疫苗接种计划）。疫苗接种的动词是vaccinate，比如All the children were vaccinated against tuberculosis.所有的儿童都接种了肺结核疫苗。

· 打针是inject，名词是injection。比如I have injected HPV vaccine。我已经打过HPV疫苗了。英式英语的一个地道使用是jab（=injection），比如Have you got your jab yet? 你打预防针了么？

· 打一针就是一剂，即one dose。新冠疫苗一般是打两剂，比如You need to have 2 doses of the coronavirus vaccine at two appointments. 你需要预约两次完成两剂新冠疫苗的注射。平时我们吃药，比如每次吃三粒或者一次性各类药物吃一把，这也是一剂。比如我买的鱼肝油的directions就写着：Take one softgel capsule daily. Don’t exceed stated dose. 高剂量/低剂量/可致死的剂量就是high/low/lethal doses。

· 评价疫苗的效果就是efficacy（有效性或保护力），比如The vaccines were shown to have 94–95% efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19.这个疫苗显示在预防新冠（产生症状）上有94-95%的保护力。

· 人注射了疫苗后就会产生免疫力（immunity），当足够多的人获得免疫力之后就形成了群体免疫（herd immunity）。最近英国在讨论一个免疫护照（vaccine passport）的概念，即打了疫苗的人拿着这个护照就可以出入酒吧、商场、机场等公共设施。

 

 

 

新型冠状病毒肺炎，简称“新冠肺炎”：Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP)，之后世卫组织命名为COVID-19，中国也将新冠肺炎的英文名修订为COVID-19，与世界卫生组织命名保持一致，中文名称保持不变。

1）新型冠状病毒：novel coronavirus

2）肺炎：pneumonia

3）新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎：pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus/ novel coronavirus-caused pneumonia

4）确诊病例：confirmed case

      重症病例：severe case

5）疑似病例：suspected case

6）重症患者：patient in critical or severe condition

      轻症患者：patients with mild symptoms

7）病死率：fatality rate

8）密切接触者：close contact

9）接受医学观察：be under medical observation

10) 隔离：quarantine

11）潜伏期：incubation period

12）人传人：human-to-human transmission

13) 飞沫传播：droplet transmission

14）发热，咳嗽，呼吸困难：fever，cough and difficulty  in breathing

15) 急性呼吸道感染病例：acute respiratory infection symptom

16）输入性病例：imported case/ imported infection（输入性病例：指来自疫情流行区的病例，也称一代病例）境外输入病例：imported case

17）二代病例：secondary infection case（二代病例：指被一代病例感染的本土病人）

18）隐形感染：asymptomatic infection (隐形感染：指感染了病毒，但无明显症状的病例)

19）疫情防控：epidemic prevention and control

20）口罩：(face) mask

21）防护服：protective clothing/suits

22）护目镜： goggles

23）一次性手套：disposable gloves

24）医疗物资：medical supplies

25）疫苗：vaccine

26）国际关注的突发公共卫生事件：Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)

27) 封城：　the lockdown of a city/ a city is on lockdown

28) 应急医院/临时医院：makeshift hospital

29）重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应：first-level public health emergency response

30）国家卫生健康委员会：National Health Commission(NHC)

31) 中国疾病预防控制中心：Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

扩展补充：

核酸检测：nucleic acid test

下呼吸道：lower respiratory tract

定点医院：designated hospital

方舱医院：mobile cabin hospital/makeshift hospital

隔离治疗点：medical quarantine site(s)

流行病学史：epidemiological records

临床症状：clinical symptoms

CT影像：CT scan imaging

假阴性：false-negative test results

交叉感染：cross infection

粪便样本：feces sample/ stool specimen

拭子样本：swab sample

一株病毒：a strain of virus

粪口传播：fecal-oral transmission

消化道：digestive tract

初期症状/初发症状：incipient symptoms

并发症：complications

发热，乏力，干咳：fever，general weakness，dry cough

传播途径：transmission route/ transmission channel

气溶胶传播：aerosol transmission

密切接触：close contact

肠胃：stomach and  intestine

食物要洗净烧透：make sure that food is thoroughly cleaned and well cooked

血浆治疗：plasma therapy

献血：donate blood

特效药：wonder drug

病毒没有国界：virus respects no borders.

SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 严重急性呼吸综合症

MERS: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 中东呼吸综合症

全球性流行病：pandemic

烈士：martyr

评定为烈士：be recognized as martyrs

医务人员：medical worker

诊疗方案：diagnosis and treatment plan

复诊：revisit the hospital and undergo a checkup

不漏一户不漏一人：leave no household, no one behind

增强收治能力：raise the hospital admission capacity

提高救治水平：improve treatment for patients

抗击疫情第一线：front line of the battle against the epidemic

疫情无国界，人间有真情：virus knows no borders, but the worst of times reveals the best in people.

医疗手套：medical gloves

酒精消毒液：alcohol disinfectants

对口支援：pairing assistance

重大疫情防控体制机制：mechanism for major epidemic prevention and control

一线医务人员：frontline medical personnel

医疗防护物资：medical protective materials

防疫物资：epidemic prevention materials/supplies

隔离病房：isolation ward

交通管制：traffic control

发热门诊：fever clinic

应检尽检，应收尽收，应治尽治：make sure all patients are examined, admitted to hospitals and treated

消毒通风：disinfection and ventilation

联防联控机制：joint prevention and control mechanism

入境检验：entry quarantine

入境旅客：inbound passenger

医学巡查：medical inspection

健康申报制度：health declaration system

健康申报：declaration of health information

实时发布：real-time announcement

跨机构机制：interagency mechanism

及早发现：early detection

早期诊断：early diagnosis

尽早隔离：early isolation

早发现，早隔离：early detection and early isolation

健康码：health QR code

数字化健康证明：digital health certificate

中低风险地区：medium-and low-risk areas

差异化精准防控策略：precise and differentiated epidemic control strategies

社区疫情防控：community-based epidemic prevention and control

社区传染：community transmission

全国封锁：nationwide lockdown

封锁：be under lockdown

居家隔离：home quarantine

疫情防控国际合作：international cooperation on epidemic prevention and control

出入境防疫：epidemic prevention at boarders

防范疫情跨境传播：curb the cross-border spread of the epidemic

暂缓或减少留学人员等双向流动：postpone or reduce the two-way flow of overseas students

被诊断患有...：be diagnosed with...

群体免疫：herd immunity

国境卫生检疫：frontier health and quarantine

传染病检疫及监测：quarantining and monitoring of infectious diseases

病毒携带者：virus carrier

行走的传染源：mobile source of infection

隐瞒病情：hide/conceal health information

涉嫌妨害传染病防治：allegedly hinder the prevention of infectious disease

限期离境：leave the country within a specified time limit

发出警告： issue a warning

遵守法律法规：comply with/ abide by the laws and rules

医药公司：chemical and pharmaceutical company

第一入境点： first point of entry

海关清关： customs clearance

出入境检验检疫： entry-exit inspection and quarantine

集中观察： concentrated observation

入境航班： inbound flight

入境旅客： inbound passenger

全球公共卫生： global public health security

联防联控国际合作： international cooperation in joint prevention and control

健康丝绸之路： Silk Road of Health

外防输入，内防扩散： both imported cases and spread within the city should be prevented

外防输入，内防反弹：guarding against imported cases and a rebound in indigenous cases

本土病例：indigenous case

零散病例：sporadic case

重大疫情防控体制机制：the mechanism for major epidemic prevention and control

疫苗临床试验：vaccine clinical trial

解剖研究：post-mortem examination

体温测量：temperature check

消毒，通风和清洁：disinfection, ventilation and sanitation

错峰通勤：　off-peak commuting

错峰开学：colleges and universities reopen on a staggered schedule

集中隔离观察：centralized quarantine and observation

传统中医： traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

针灸： acupuncture

艾灸： moxibustion

拔罐： cupping therapy

中草药： Chinese herbal medicine

发热和持续咳嗽：a temperature and a persistent cough

非医用口罩：non-surgical masks

初步调查：preliminary investigation

医疗物资：medical supplies

争分夺秒：work around the work

问题口罩：defective face masks

无症状感染者：asymptomatic patient

病毒携带者：virus carrier

无症状携带者：asymptomatic carrier

超级传播者：super spreader

治愈率：recovery rate

传染性：transmissibility/ infectivity

致病性：pathogenicity

易感人群：susceptible population

中国留学生：overseas Chinese students

健康包：health kits

重大航空运输保障机制：major air transportation guarantee mechanism

包机：charter flights

复工复产：resume work and production

 

 

 

疫病名称

冠状病毒 coronavirus

2019新型冠状病毒 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

肺炎 pneumonia

病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia

不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause

严重急性呼吸综合征（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

严重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

中东呼吸综合征 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病） respiratory diseases

 

传染防控

国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

乙类传染病 Category B infectious diseases

人传人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission

行走的传染源 mobile source of infection

潜伏期 incubation/latent period

无症状的潜伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period

特定传染病 specific infectious disease

病毒携带者 virus carrier

无症状携带者 asymptomatic carrier

超级传播者 super spreader

飞沫传播 droplet transmission

接触传播 contact transmission

病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus

隐性感染 covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection

外源性感染 exogenous infection

密切接触者 close contact

接触者追踪 contact tracing

传染途径 route of transmission

传播方式 mode of transmission

宿主 host

易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population

医院/院内感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection

职业暴露 occupational exposure

确诊病例 confirmed case

疑似病例 suspected case

散在病例 sporadic case

输入性病例 imported case

二代病例 second-generation case

传染性 transmissibility; infectivity

致病性 pathogenicity

疫情 epidemic; outbreak

疫区 affected area

发病 morbidity

发热病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients

重症 severe case

发病率 incidence rate

死亡率 mortality rate

病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate

治愈率 recovery rate

疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control

监测体温 to monitor body temperature

体温检测 to check body temperature

早发现、早隔离 early detection and early isolation

隔离治疗 to receive treatment in isolation

自我隔离 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine

临床数据 clinical data

核酸检测 nucleic acid testing (NAT)

血清诊断 serodiagnosis

自觉接受医学观察 to present yourself to medical observation

解除医学观察 to be discharged from medical observation

诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening

预防措施 preventive measure

疫苗 vaccine

戴口罩 to wear a mask

勤洗手/仔细洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully

消毒 disinfection

避免去人多的地方 avoid crowds

健康筛查 health screening

旅行限制 travel restrictions

健康申报表 health declaration form

海鲜市场 seafood market

活体农贸市场 live animal market

湿货市场 wet market

野味 bushmeat; game

果子狸 masked palm civet

蝙蝠 bat

竹鼠 bamboo rat

獾 badger

 

政策举措

突发公共卫生事件 public health emergency

启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 to activate first-level public health emergency response

掌握情况，不漏一人 to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked

遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak

封城 A city is on lockdownhttps://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/A city goes into lockdown.

延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools

延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday

（公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测 disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)

应急医院 makeshift hospital

火神山医院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

雷神山医院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

暂停海外团队旅行 to suspend overseas group tours

关闭景点 to close scenic spots

取消大型集会 to cancel mass gatherings

减少外出 to make fewer trips outside

控制人口流动 to curb population flow

两周观察期 two-week observation period

停运长途汽车 to halt long-distance buses

调减市内公交to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city

特殊报销政策 special reimbursement rules

紧平衡 in tight balance

医疗物资紧缺 shortage of medical supplies

日常基本生活物资 daily necessities

跨境采购 cross-border procurement

囤积食物 to stock up on food

捂货惜售 hoarding

瞒报 to underreport

哄抬价格 price gouging

顶格处罚 the maximum penalty

 

机构、职业群体和场所

世卫组织 World Health Organization (WHO)

中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组（中央应对疫情工作领导小组） Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control

国家卫生健康委员会（国家卫健委） National Health Commission (NHS)

中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)

国家医疗保障局（国家医保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)

医疗机构 medical institution

卫生机构 health institution

医疗从业者 medical practitioner; healthcare professional

医疗人员 medical personnel; health workforce; health workers

一线医护人员 frontline health workers

定点医院 designated hospitals

发热门诊 fever clinic

重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)

检疫所 quarantine office

药店 pharmacy; drugstore

 

病理症状

病理 pathology

病原体 pathogen

病毒变异 virus variation

病毒突变 virus mutation

临床表现 clinical picture

上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)

低氧血症 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen

纤维化 fibrosis

肺脓肿 lung abscess

双肺浸润性病灶 infiltration in both lungs

发热 fever

乏力 fatigue

干咳 dry cough

头疼 headache

胸闷 chest distress; chest oppression

心慌 palpitations

恶心想吐 nausea

腹泻 diarrhea

呼吸困难 dyspnea; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties

呼吸急促（气促） shortness of breath; panting

感染性休克 septic shock

 

器具名称

红外体温测量仪 infrared thermometer

体温检测热像仪 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring

诊断器具 diagnostic tool/kit

消毒液 disinfectant; antiseptic solution

消毒湿巾 disinfectant/antiseptic wipes

含酒精洗手液 alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer

口罩 facemask; mask

N95口罩 N95 mask/respirator

医用外科口罩 surgical mask

防护服 protective suit

护目镜 goggles

一次性手套 disposable gloves

负压救护车 negative pressure ambulance

 

其他医学名词

国际卫生条例 International Health Regulations (IHR)

流行病学 epidemiology

流行病学调查（流调） epidemiological investigation

呼吸器官 respiratory organs

呼吸道 respiratory tract

消化系统 digestive system

神经系统 nervous system

肾功能 renal function

流感 influenza; flu

结膜炎 conjunctivitis; pink eye

宿疾、慢性病 chronic ailment; chronic disease

高血压 hypertension; high blood pressure

糖尿病 diabetes; diabetes mellitus

心血管病 cardiovascular disease

基因序列 genetic sequence

基因结构 genetic structure

试剂 reagent

诊断 diagnosis

检测样本 test sample

医学观察 medical watch; medical observation

病毒分离 virus isolation

抗病毒药 antiviral drug

退烧药 febrifuge; antipyretic

一. 决策部署

1.生命重于泰山

Saving lives is of paramount importance.

2.疫情就是命令，防控就是责任

Go where there is epidemic, fight it till it perishes.

3.向疫情全面宣战

declare an all-out war on the epidemic

4.没有硝烟的战争

a war without smoke

5.坚决打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战

be determined to fight and win the battle against the epidemic by mobilizing all resources, and blocking the spread of the virus

6.举国机制

nationwide mechanism

7.坚持全国一盘棋

ensure a coordinated national response

8.抗击疫情第一线

the front line of the battle against the epidemic

9.武汉胜则湖北胜，湖北胜则全国胜

If Wuhan wins, Hubei wins. If Hubei wins, the whole country wins.

10.英雄的城市

heroic city

11.打好武汉保卫战

win the battle against the coronavirus and protect the city of Wuhan

12.驰援武汉

race against the clock to assist Wuhan

13.科学防治、依法防治、精准防治、深入落实

implementation of science-based, legal, and targeted measures in the prevention and control of the epidemic

14.突出重点、统筹兼顾、分类指导、分区施策

focus on key issues, strengthen coordination, give sector-specific guidance, and apply different policies for different areas

15.国家公共卫生应急管理体系

the national public health emergency management system

16.统筹疫情防控与经济社会秩序恢复

implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures in tandem with those aimed at getting the economy and society back to normal

17.公开、透明、负责任态度

an open, transparent and responsible manner

18.疫情防控国家重点医疗物资保障调度平台

the national distribution center /platform for major anti-epidemic medical supplies

19.保障医疗防护物资供应

ensure the supply of medical protective equipment

20.对口支援

pairing assistance (a national strategy in China for one province or a major city to provide assistance to a designated region in need of help)

21.增强收治能力

raise the hospital admission capacity

22.密切跟踪、及时分析、迅速行动

closely monitor, timely analyze, and swiftly respond to the epidemic

23.提高救治水平

improve the quality of medical treatment

24.集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治

treating the infected in dedicated facilities by senior medical professionals from all over the country and with all necessary resources

25.“一人一方案”“一人一团队”

a dedicated team and a personalized treatment plan for each patient

26.优先通行、免费通行

priority and toll-free access

27.减免养老、失业以及工伤这三项社会保险单位的缴费

reduction in or an exemption from required premiums to be paid by employers for their employees’ old-age, unemployment and work-related injury insurances

28.防止信息恐慌

prevent panic and manage information properly

29.杜绝瞒报漏报

say NO to concealing or underreporting infections

30.打击假冒伪劣

crack down on fake and shoddy products

31.禁止密集聚会

ban mass gatherings

 

二. 防控救治

32.《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》

Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

33.国务院联防联控机制

the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council

34.重大疫情防控体制机制

the mechanism for major epidemic prevention and control

35.疫情可防、可控、可治

an epidemic that can be prevented, controlled and stopped

36.群防群控

strengthen society-wide efforts to prevent and control the epidemic

37.防止疫情跨境传播

prevent the epidemic from spreading across borders

38.做好重点地区疫情防控

strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key regions

39.做好返程人员疫情防控

take measures to help returnees from infected regions in order to prevent any possible spread of the coronavirus

40.外防输入 内防扩散

prevent the spread of the coronavirus from both within and without of a city (or an area)

41.分区分级精准防控

a region-specific, multi-level targeted approach to epidemic prevention and control

42.差异化精准防控策略

precise and differentiated epidemic control strategies

43.社区疫情防控

community-based epidemic prevention and control

44.防控力量向社区下沉

empower communities to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus

45.防止大规模社区传播

prevent the wide spread of the coronavirus in communities

46.不漏一户、不漏一人

leave no one unscreened

47.室内空气流通

indoor ventilation

48.可重复使用口罩

reusable mask

49.医学排查

medical screening

50.医学巡查

medical inspection

51.CT影像

computed tomography imaging

52.卫生检疫

health quarantine

53.疫情监测

epidemic monitoring

54.新型冠状病毒成功分离

successful isolation of a novel coronavirus

55.《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》

Guidelines on the Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment

56.收治率

patient admission rate

57.临床试验

clinical trials

58.血浆治疗

infusions of blood plasma

59.恢复期血浆

convalescent plasma therapy

60.抗病毒治疗

antiviral therapy

61.抗生素治疗

antibiotic therapy

62.中医治疗

TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) therapy

63.中西医结合/中西医并用

combined use of TCM and Western medicine

64.隔空诊疗

online diagnosis and treatment

65.在线问诊

online medical inquiries

66.智慧医疗

smart medical care

67.数字医疗服务

digital medical services

68.氢氧治疗仪

oxy-hydrogen breathing machine

69.随访和复诊

follow-up and subsequent visits

70.吹哨人

whistle blower

71.逆行者

people who brave a dangerous situation

72.最美逆行者

heroes in harm’s way (the brave, unhesitating rescuers who rush to the epicenter of the virus)

或brave rescuers who go in the teeth of danger

 

三. 专有名词

73.新型冠状病毒肺炎

COVID-19

74.甲型H1N1流感

2009 H1N1 Flu

75.卫生系统

health system

76.流行病学史

historical epidemiology

77.甲类传染病

category A infectious diseases

78.超长潜伏期

ultra-long incubation period

79.气溶胶传播

aerosol transmission

80.粪口传播

fecal-oral transmission

81.交叉感染

cross infection

82.疫情峰值

epidemic peak

83.拐点

turning point

84.致病源

pathogen

85.临床诊断病例

clinically diagnosed cases

86.临床症状

clinical signs and symptoms

87.初发症状

incipient symptoms

88.并发症状

syndrome

或symptoms of complications

89.抗体

antibody

90.特异性抗体

specific antibody

91.IgM抗体检测

IgM antibody test

92.四抗二平衡（所谓“四抗”，第一是抗病毒；第二是抗休克；第三是抗低氧血症；第四是抗继发感染。“二平衡”，即维持水电解质、酸碱平衡以及维持微生态平衡）

combined use of anti-viral, anti-shock, anti-hypoxemia medication, and measures to prevent secondary infections

maintain the water and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance and microecological balance

93.特效药

specific medicine

94.试剂盒

test kit

95.呼吸机

ventilator / respirator

96.同情用药

compassionate use of a drug (use a drug not yet approved under the compassionate use program)

 

四. 机构场所

97.世卫组织驻华代表处

WHO China Representative Office

98.全球防范监测委员会

Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB)

99.国际病毒分类委员会

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

100.冠状病毒工作组

Coronavirus Study Group (CSG)

101.国家市场监管总局

State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR)

102.国家药品监督管理局

National Medical Products Administration (NMPA)

103.国家中医药管理局

National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM)

104.中国红十字会

Red Cross Society of China

105.中国红十字基金会

Chinese Red Cross Foundation (CRCF)

106.武汉病毒所

Wuhan Institute of Virology

107.中国人民解放军军事医学科学院

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

108.疾病预防控制机构

disease prevention and control institutions

109.吉利德科学公司

Gilead Sciences

110.临时医院

improvised hospital

111.方舱医院

temporary treatment centers

112.重症监护病区

intensive care unit (ICU)

113.重症病区

special ward (for patients with severe conditions)

114.普通病区

inpatient ward

115.隔离病房

isolation ward

116.感染控制、检验、特诊、放射诊断科室

infection control, clinical laboratory, special service and radiodiagnosis departments

 

五. 社会生活

117.生活必需品

necessities of life

或 daily necessities

118.错峰上下班

staggered rush hour plan

119.居家办公

work from home

120.在线教育

online education

121.在线直播

live streaming

122.远程办公

telecommuting

123.云办公软件

cloud-based office tools

124.网上就业服务

online recruitment services

125.开足马力（满负荷生产）

go full steam ahead

或operate at full capacity

126.有序复工

resume production in an orderly manner

 

六. 其他语汇

127.全球公共卫生安全

global public health security

128.山川异域，风月同天

While mountains and rivers separate us, we enjoy the same moonlight under the same sky.

或miles apart but close at heart

129.岂曰无衣，与子同裳

Fear not the want of armor, for mine is also yours to wear.

或 Together we stand, my armors thine.

130.疫情无国界，人间有真情

Virus knows no borders, but the worst of times reveals the best in people.

131.投我以木桃，报之以琼瑶

You throw a peach to me, I give you a white jade for friendship.

或 You toss me a peach, I give you a white jade in return.

132.旅行限制

travel restriction

133.贸易禁令

trade restriction

134.“钻石公主”号邮轮

Diamond Princess cruise ship

 

疫情防控

控制传染源、切断传播途径 to control the sources of infection and cut off the channels of transmission

打破传播链 to break the chains of transmission

尽最大可能控制疫情波及范围 to make every possible effort to curb the spread of the disease

构筑群防群治的严密防线 to build stringent lines of defense across society

防控资源和力量下沉 to channel both material and human resources down to the community level

基层防控能力 capacity for prevention and control at the community level

医防结合 Emphasis is needed on both prevention and treatment.

强化公共卫生法治保障 to strengthen the legal framework of public health

统一的应急物资保障体系 unified emergency supply system

疫情防控重点地区 key regions in epidemic prevention and control

非疫情防控重点地区 non-key regions; regions that are not critical in the epidemic prevention and control effort

低、中、高风险地区 low-, medium-, high-risk regions

提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率 to improve the admission and cure rates and reduce the infection and fatality rates

紧紧扭住城乡社区防控和患者救治两个关键 to focus on stemming the spread at the community level and having all patients cared for

内防扩散、外防输出 to prevent the coronavirus from spreading within the city/region or beyond

外防输入、内防反弹 to prevent the coronavirus from re-entering the country to cause a new epidemic

京津冀地区联防联控 joint prevention and control efforts in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

对抗疫医务人员保护、关心、爱护 to provide full protection and care to medical workers fighting against the epidemic

统筹安排轮休 to better schedule rotating shifts

医务人员科学防护和培训 scientific prevention and proper training for medical workers

重点防控部位人员的物资保障 to make sure that essential supplies can be rapidly directed to personnel in key posts

药品和疫苗研发 drug and vaccine development

入境航班将分流至指定机场 to redirect inbound flights to designated airports

第一入境点 first point of entry

境外输入关联病例 cases resulting from virus carriers traveling from abroad; patients infected by virus carriers traveling from abroad

入境人员闭环管理 to ensure a seamless and hermetic process for managing the quarantine and monitoring of travelers arriving in China

高度重视公共利益 serious concern for the public good

保持社交距离 to enforce/practice social distancing

解决好生活必需品供应的“最后一公里”问题 to ensure the “last kilometer” delivery of daily necessities

无本地新增病例 to report no domestic cases; to report zero local cases; to record no locally transmitted infections

疫情防控工作到了关键阶段 The battle against the epidemic has arrived at a crucial moment.

以武汉市为主战场的全国本土疫情传播已基本阻断 The domestic coronavirus outbreak, centered in the city of Wuhan, has been contained in China/is now effectively under control in China.

坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策 to strengthen confidence and solidarity and take science-based and targeted measures

把握好防疫管控的度 Moderation is required in epidemic prevention and control.

在斗争一线考察识别干部 to put officials to the test on the frontline

对紧要关头当“逃兵”的干部要就地免职 to remove from their posts officials who abandon the frontline at critical moments

把问题解决在萌芽之时、成灾之前 to eliminate risks at the source and resolving problems when they first appear

战胜疫情 to prevail over the epidemic; to beat the epidemic; to win the battle against the epidemic

 

经济社会发展

灵活复工 to apply a flexible approach to the resumption of work

恢复生产生活秩序 to resume work and normal life

统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展 to coordinate epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development

中国经济韧性强劲，内需空间广阔，产业基础雄厚 China’s economy enjoys strong resilience, broad space for domestic demand, and a solid industrial foundation.

形势积极向好 The situation is witnessing positive changes.

适时下调响应级别并实行动态调整 to downgrade their emergency response level in due course and make dynamic adjustments

将疫情对经济社会发展的影响降到最低 to minimize the impact of the epidemic on social and economic development

多种方式扩大产能和增加产量 to expand capacity and increase output in a variety of ways

阶段性、有针对性的减税降费政策phased and targeted tax and fee breaks

财政贴息 government interest subsidies

缓缴税款 deferment of taxes

使用存量资金 to tap into unallocated funds

扩大地方政府专项债券发行规模 to scale up the issuance of special bonds by local governments

预算内投资结构 structure of investment from the government budget

为防疫重点地区单列信贷规模 to set aside credit for key regions in epidemic prevention and control

提供专项信贷额度 to provide special credit lines

减免小微企业贷款利息 to cut or cancel interest rates on loans to small and micro businesses

就业优先政策 pro-employment policies

减负、稳岗、扩就业并举 to take multi-pronged measures, including reducing corporate burdens, keeping the payroll stable, and creating more jobs

因地因企因人分类帮扶 to provide assistance specifically designed to suit different regions, enterprises and people

“点对点、一站式”直达运输服务point-to-point transport services

多渠道灵活就业 flexible employment through multiple channels

线上登记失业和申领失业保险金 online registration of unemployment and application for unemployment security insurance

高校学生毕业、招聘、考录 graduation and job placement of college students

精准对接劳务输出地和输入地 to accurately connect both ends of labor transfer

扶贫龙头企业、扶贫车间 enterprises and workshops that employ local workers and play a major role in poverty alleviation

产销对接to coordinate production and sales

解决好贫困地区农畜产品卖难问题 to help farmers in poor areas solve difficulties in selling their produce and livestock

建立健全防止返贫机制 to establish a sound mechanism to prevent any return to poverty/prevent any relapse into poverty

打通人流、物流堵点 to smooth travel and logistics channels

放开货运物流限制to lift cargo transport bans

春季农业生产 spring-season agricultural activities

春耕备耕 spring farming and preparation

“米袋子”省长责任制和“菜篮子”市长负责制 systems of holding provincial governors accountable for grain supplies and city mayors for daily food supplies

农副产品生产、流通、供应 production, distribution, and supply of agricultural products

保障全国生活必需品市场总体稳定 to maintain an overall balance in the market for daily necessities

保持基本民生服务不断档 to ensure the availability of basic public services

用足用好合规的外贸政策工具 to make full and best use of foreign trade policy tools

简化通关手续 to simplify procedures for customs clearance

推出更多外汇便利化业务 to offer more services to facilitate foreign exchange transactions

严厉打击涉疫违法犯罪 to take firm action against epidemic-related crimes

 

宣传发布

规范和完善信息发布机制 to standardize and improve the information release mechanism

广泛普及疫情防控知识 to disseminate information on epidemic prevention and control

推进疫情防控的好经验好做法 to promote best practices in prevention and control from across the country

及时回应社会关切 to provide timely responses to public concerns

疫情信息发布依法做到公开、透明、及时、准确 The release of epidemic information must be open, transparent, timely and accurate as prescribed by the law.

激发正能量 to evoke positivity

在全社会弘扬真善美 to promote high moral standards throughout society

提升网上传播能力 to strengthen online communication

适应公众获取信息渠道的变化 to meet people’s evolving ways of acquiring information

 

国际交流合作

中国―世卫组织联合考察专家组 China-WHO Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

以电话、信函、声明等方式表示慰问和支持 to express sympathy and support by telephone, letter or statement

向其他出现疫情扩散的国家和地区提供力所能及的援助 to provide assistance within our capacity to other countries and regions affected by the pandemic

迎难而上，勇敢应对 to rise up to the challenge and respond to it bravely

及时同国际社会分享信息 timely sharing of information with the international community

避免使某个国家或特定群体蒙受污名 to avoid stigmatizing a country or particular group

呼吁采取紧急的、积极的行动 to call for urgent and aggressive action

加强国家间政策协调 to enhance policy coordination between countries

（向其他国家）提供抗疫物资 to offer supplies in support of the fight against the pandemic

派出医疗小组协助抗疫 to send medical teams to help combat the coronavirus

控制疫情永远不会太晚 It is never too late to get the pandemic under control.

有效阻止疫情在全球蔓延 to contain the global spread of the virus

采取最全面、最严格、最彻底的防控举措 to take the most comprehensive, rigorous and thorough measures

对中国人民生命安全和身体健康负责，也是在为世界公共卫生事业作贡献 to act responsibly in protecting the safety and health of its people, and contribute to safeguarding global public health

凝聚起战胜疫情的强大合力 to form strong synergies to beat the pandemic

守望相助、同舟共济 to support each other/to stand closely together in difficult times

 

疫情防控

不麻痹、不厌战、不松劲 to remain vigilant and never slacken our efforts

统筹推进疫情防控和脱贫攻坚 to coordinate epidemic control with poverty alleviation

实行封闭式管控 to exercise management by sealing off entities

网格化管理 digital management for a matrix of urban communities

《新冠肺炎疫情心理疏导工作方案》 Work Plan on Psychological Counseling for People Affected by COVID-19

休舱 to close temporary treatment centers

武汉市以外地区解除离鄂通道管控 Areas in Hubei, with the exception of Wuhan City, lifted outbound transport restrictions.

武汉“解封” to lift the lockdown in Wuhan

临床前研究 preclinical research

疫苗临床试验和上市使用 clinical trial and application of vaccines

有效性和安全性研究 safety and efficacy studies

机场处置专区 processing area for inbound passengers at the airport

境外进京人员 travelers arriving in Beijing from overseas

出入境防疫 epidemic prevention at borders

暂时停止外国人持目前有效来华签证和居留许可证入境 to temporarily suspend the entry into China of foreign nationals holding valid visas or residence permits

 

合作抗疫

打好新冠肺炎疫情防控全球阻击战 to fight an all-out global war against COVID-19

打造人类卫生健康共同体 to build a global community of health

各国应该联手加大宏观政策对冲力度。 Countries need to leverage and coordinate their macro policies to counteract the negative impact.

减免关税、取消壁垒、畅通贸易 to cut tariffs, remove barriers, and facilitate the flow of trade

健康丝绸之路 Silk Road of Health

建立新冠肺炎疫情防控网上知识中心，向所有国家开放 to set up an online COVID-19 knowledge center that is open to all countries

尽力阻止疫情跨境传播 to minimize cross-border spread

开展国际联防联控 to make a collective response for control and treatment at the international level

区域公共卫生应急联络机制 regional emergency liaison mechanisms

全球公共卫生高级别会议 high-level meeting on international public health security

全球公共卫生治理 global public health governance

推广全面系统有效的防控指南 to promote control and treatment protocols that are comprehensive, systematic and effective

有序安全的国际人员流动 orderly and safe flow of people between countries

暂缓或减少留学人员等双向流动 to postpone or reduce the two-way flow of overseas students

 

对外援助

道不远人，人无异国。（援助韩国，源自新罗旅唐学者崔致远） Great distance cannot separate us; We all live in a united world.

尼莲正东流，西树几春秋。（援助印度，源自玄奘） By the Holy Lotus River Where pure gold flows east. Looking back to the western shore At Buddha’s sacred grove for many thousands of autumns.

青山一道，共担风雨。（援助日本，源自王昌龄） Like the mountain range stretches before you and me, let us share common trials and hardships together.

身若伏波，与子同海，若为落木，与子同枝，若为兰草，与子同室。（援助意大利，源自古罗马则学家塞涅卡） We are waves of the same sea, leaves of the same tree, flowers of the same garden.

团结定能胜利。（援助法国，源自雨果） United we shall overcome.

团结就是力量。（援助比利时，源自其民族格言） Unity is strength.

亚当子孙皆兄弟，兄弟犹如手足亲。（援助伊朗，源自古波斯诗人萨迪） The sons of Adam are limbs of one, having been created of one essence.

 

社会生活

产教融合 to integrate the resources of enterprises with vocational schools and universities

复工人员专列 special train for returning workers

全国居民消费价格指数 CPI (consumer price index)

人均可支配收入 per capita disposable income

数字化健康证明 digital health certificate

外地滞留在鄂人员安全有序返乡 People stranded in Hubei return home in a safe and orderly manner.

务工人员安全返岗 Migrant workers return to their posts in security.

线上职业技能培训 online vocational training

预约进站 to make reservations at subway stations

云选会 cloud job fair

候餐区 waiting area

取餐区 serving area

结账区 cashier desk

分餐制 serving of individual dishes

公筷公勺 serving chopsticks and spoon

禁止面对面就餐 Diners are not allowed to sit face to face.

停止接待群体性聚餐 Group meals are not allowed.

推广分时段就餐 to allow consumers to dine at staggered times

外卖服务 takeout services

一客一用一消毒 disinfection after each serving

一米线 one meter spacing in line (to wait in line at an interval of 1 meter)

 

职业群体

白衣执甲、逆行出征 Heedless of their own safety, medical workers headed for the frontline against the virus.

闻令即动、勇挑重担 to respond promptly when called upon and assume great responsibilities

新时代最可爱的人 the most admirable people in the new era

医务工作者是光明的使者、希望的使者，是最美的天使，是真正的英雄。 Medical workers are symbols of brightness and hope, the most beautiful angels and real heroes.

战胜疫情的中坚力量 core forces in victory over the epidemic

 

医学词汇

大流行病 pandemic

散发病例 sporadic cases

致病机理 pathogenesis

刺突蛋白 spike protein

动物源性病毒 zoonotic virus

重大动物疫病 major infectious animal diseases

高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)

中间宿主 intermediate host

轻症患者 patients with mild symptoms

重症患者 patients in severe or critical condition

无症状感染者 asymptomatic cases/infections; asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19

新冠病毒检测为阳性/阴性 to test positive/negative for the coronavirus

磨玻璃影 ground-glass opacities

可利霉素 carrimycin

创伤后应激障碍 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

综合性非药物性干预措施 comprehensive non-pharmaceutical interventions

住院 to be hospitalized/be admitted to hospital

转院 to transfer to another hospital

出院 to be discharged from hospital

毒性试验 toxicity testing

动物试验 animal testing

 

其他语汇

感染控制和流行病学专业人员协会 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC)

实时发布 real-time updates

生态环境部应急办 Emergency Management Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

有害垃圾 hazardous waste

污水处理 sewage disposal

药品集中采购 centralized procurement of drugs

医疗废物处置能力 medical waste disposal capacity

医疗废物日产日清 to ensure that medical waste is treated on a daily basis

心理创伤 psychological trauma

默哀三分钟 to observe three minutes of silence to mourn the deceased

全国哀悼日 a national day of mourning

哀悼抗击肺炎疫情牺牲烈士和逝世同胞 to mourn martyrs who died in the fight against COVID-19 and compatriots who died of the disease

全国和驻外使领馆下半旗致哀 National flags flew at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad.

网络祭扫服务 online tomb-sweeping services

严格遵守祭扫预约规定 to strictly follow scheduling arrangements for tomb-sweeping

疫情重灾区 epicenter of the outbreak

入境口岸 port of entry

抵制任何与病毒相关的污名 to reject any stigma associated with the virus

妨害国境卫生检疫罪 crime of jeopardizing border quarantine security

 

政策举措

领导能力、应对能力、组织动员能力、贯彻执行能力 the ability to lead, respond, mobilize, and to execute orders

科学战疫 science-based approach in fighting the epidemic

国家疫苗储备制度 national vaccine reserve system

疫情防控预警预测机制 early warning and forecasting mechanism for epidemic prevention and control

调整应急响应等级 to adjust the emergency response level

生物安全法 biosecurity law

国家生物安全风险防控和治理体系建设 to develop a national biosecurity risk control and management system

深化疫情防控国际合作 deeper international cooperation on epidemic prevention and control/containment measures

两年户口和档案托管 two-year custodian service for household registration and personal files

拓宽就地就近就业渠道 to create more jobs locally

援企、稳岗、扩就业 to assist businesses, stabilize employment, and create more jobs

优先吸纳贫困劳动力务工就业 to prioritize the employment of poor migrant workers

减免企业社会保险费 reduction of and exemption from corporate social insurance premiums

社保延缴 (to allow) deferred social security contributions

社保制度 social insurance system; social security system

优惠帮扶举措 preferential support measures

发挥医疗救助资金的兜底保障作用 to make full use of the medical assistance fund to ensure that medical bills (of COVID-19 patients) are paid promptly

做好工伤认定和待遇保障 (to streamline/implement procedures) to identify and facilitate compensation for work-related infections

 

防控救治

安全距离 safe distance

防雾霾口罩 anti-smog mask

口罩产能 mask output

口罩预约 mask reservation and purchase

过滤性能 filtering performance

含酒精的消毒液 alcohol-based disinfectant

消毒机器人 disinfecting robot

抗菌洗手液 antibiotic hand sanitizer

无人机 drone

注意下水道的通畅 to ensure that sewers are not clogged

入户检测 door-to-door testing

严控境外疫情输入 strict control of imported infection

暂时隔离区域 area for temporary quarantine

加强病毒溯源和传播机理研究 to strengthen research on the traceability and transmission mechanism of the virus

分享病毒基因序列 to share the genetic sequence of the virus

紧急救治 emergency treatment

外科处置 surgical treatment

修订诊断标准 revision of diagnostic criteria

应收尽收 All suspected and confirmed patients should be admitted to the hospital.

应治尽治 All confirmed patients should be treated.

心理疏导 psychological counseling

分区严格隔离 strict quarantine

污染集中处理 centralized treatment of medical waste

医疗垃圾处理 medical waste disposal

 

社会生活

慕课 MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)

网上面试 online interview

网上签约 to sign an employment contract online

员工健康监测和报告 employee health monitoring and reporting

出行轨迹 travel records

返岗证明 health certificate for returning to work

个人行程证明 proof of travel; travel records

共享员工 employee sharing

缓解用工荒 to address labor shortage

产业扶贫 poverty alleviation by developing industries

消费扶贫 poverty alleviation by consuming products and services from poor areas

服务消费 consumption of services

实物消费 consumption of products

助农 to support farmers and agriculture

把被抑制、被冻结的消费释放出来 to stimulate consumption stifled by the outbreak

送货机器人 (self-driving) delivery robot

社区批发计划 community wholesale program

无接触销售non-physical-contact sales service

有效地填补供需缺口 to effectively fill the gap between supply and demand

健康码 health code

健康申报 declaration of health status

绿码 green (health) code

绿色通道 green channel

无接触电梯按钮 virtual elevator buttons

客座率 passenger load factor (PLF）

春节返乡高峰 Spring Festival travel rush

昼夜不停的施工进度 around-the-clock construction

 

医学名词

假阴性 false negative

L型冠状病毒 L-type coronavirus

S型冠状病毒 S-type coronavirus

体外膜肺氧合 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

法匹拉韦 favipiravir

磷酸氯喹 chloroquine phosphate

瑞德西韦 remdesivir

托珠单抗 tocilizumab

负压房间 negative pressure room

基础性疾病 underlying medical conditions

病人专用通道 entrance for patients

医护人员专用通道 entrance for medical staff

半污染区 partially contaminated area

污染区 contaminated area

检疫区 quarantine area

清洁区 clean area

 

其他词汇

不获全胜决不轻言成功。 We will not proclaim success until we have secured the final victory over COVID-19.

沧海横流，方显英雄本色。 True heroes arise in times of hardship.

公共卫生安全是人类面临的共同挑战。 Public health security is a common challenge for humanity.

生命安全和生物安全领域的重大科技成果是国之重器。 Major scientific and technological achievements in the fields of life safety and biosecurity are of vital importance to our country.

这是一次危机，也是一次大考。 This is a crisis and also a test.

中国力量、中国精神、中国效率 China has demonstrated strength, character and efficiency in fighting against the epidemic.

负责任大国 a responsible major country

聚集性疫情 outbreak in clusters

二级传播（继发性传播） secondary transmission

疫情高发区 severely-hit regions (areas); areas (regions) with high infection rates

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